核心内容摘要
【雷达原理学习笔记 魏青】49. 雷达作用距离（六）
linux常用命令——压缩
tar 文件打包/解压tar本身是打包工具将多个文件 / 目录合并为一个.tar归档文件不直接压缩。
但它可以结合gzip、bzip
xz等压缩算法实现 “打包 压缩” 一体操作生成.tar.gz、.tar.bz2等常见压缩包。
基本语法tar [选项] [归档文件名] [要打包/解压的文件/目录]核心选项必记选项含义常用组合-c创建 新的归档文件打包与 -v、-f 结合-cvf-x提取 归档文件中的内容解压与 -v、-f 结合-xvf-v显示 打包 / 解压的详细过程verbose可选方便查看进度几乎所有场景都可用-f指定 归档文件的名称必须放在选项的最后紧跟文件名如 -f archive.tar.gz-z结合 gzip 算法压缩 / 解压生成 .tar.gz 或 .tgz-czvf打包压缩、-xzvf解压-j结合 bzip2 算法压缩 / 解压生成 .tar.bz2-cjvf、-xjvf-J结合 xz 算法压缩 / 解压生成 .tar.xz压缩率更高速度较慢-cJvf、-xJvf-C解压到 指定目录需在 -x 模式下使用tar -xvf archive.tar -C /tmp/-t查看 归档文件中的内容不解压tar -tvf archive.tar--exclude打包时 排除 指定文件 / 目录tar -czvf backup.tar.gz --excludetmp/ ./data/常用场景示例打包仅合并不压缩将docs/目录和file.txt打包为archive.tar代码语言javascriptAI代码解释tar -cvf archive.tar docs/ file.txt # -c(创建) -v(显示) -f(指定文件)打包 压缩最常用1gzip压缩.tar.gz/.tgz兼容性最好代码语言javascriptAI代码解释tar -czvf backup.tar.gz data/ # 打包并压缩 data/ 为 backup.tar.gz tar -xzvf backup.tar.gz # 解压 backup.tar.gz 到当前目录 tar -xzvf backup.tar.gz -C /opt/# 解压到指定目录 /opt/2bzip2压缩.tar.bz2压缩率略高于 gzip代码语言javascriptAI代码解释tar -cjvf logs.tar.bz2 /var/log/ # 打包压缩日志目录 tar -xjvf logs.tar.bz2 # 解压3xz压缩.tar.xz压缩率最高适合大文件代码语言javascriptAI代码解释tar -cJvf video.tar.xz movie.mp4 # 压缩大视频文件 tar -xJvf video.tar.xz # 解压查看压缩包内容不解压代码语言javascriptAI代码解释tar -tvf backup.tar.gz # 查看 .tar.gz 中的文件列表排除不需要的文件打包代码语言javascriptAI代码解释tar -czvf project.tar.gz --excludeproject/temp/ --excludeproject/*.log project/ #打包project/目录但排除project/temp/和project/*.log
zip 文件压缩跨平台兼容zip是压缩工具同时支持打包 压缩生成的.zip文件可在 Windows、macOS 等系统直接解压兼容性极强。
但压缩率通常低于tar.gz或tar.xz。
基本语法zip [选项] [压缩文件名.zip] [要压缩的文件/目录]核心选项选项含义-r递归 压缩目录必须加否则只压缩目录本身不包含内容-q安静模式不显示压缩过程-m压缩后 删除原文件move慎用-u向已有的 zip 压缩包中 添加新文件-d从已有的 zip 压缩包中 删除文件-9最高压缩级别默认是 -6级别越高压缩率越高速度越慢常用场景示例压缩文件 / 目录代码语言javascriptAI代码解释zip file.zip file.txt # 压缩单个文件 file.txt 为 file.zip zip -r docs.zip docs/ # 递归压缩 docs/ 目录为 docs.zip必须加 -r zip -r9q photos.zip photos/ # 最高级别压缩 photos/ 目录安静模式向已有压缩包添加文件代码语言javascriptAI代码解释zip -u docs.zip new_file.txt #向docs.zip中添加 new_file.txt从压缩包删除文件代码语言javascriptAI代码解释zip -d docs.zip old_file.txt #从 docs.zip 中删除 old_file.txt压缩并删除原文件代码语言javascriptAI代码解释zip -rm temp.zip temp/ #压缩 temp/ 后删除原目录慎用
uzip : 解压.zip文件unzip是zip的配套工具专门用于解压.zip压缩包。
基本语法: unzip [选项] [压缩文件名.zip]核心选项选项含义-d解压到 指定目录目录不存在会自动创建-l查看 压缩包中的文件列表不解压-q安静模式不显示解压过程-o覆盖已有文件无需确认-n不覆盖已有文件遇到重复文件跳过常用场景示例解压到当前目录代码语言javascriptAI代码解释unzip docs.zip # 解压 docs.zip 到当前目录会提示覆盖确认解压到指定目录代码语言javascriptAI代码解释unzip photos.zip -d /home/user/pics/ #解压photos.zip到 /home/user/pics/查看压缩包内容不解压代码语言javascriptAI代码解释unzip -l docs.zip强制覆盖解压无需确认代码语言javascriptAI代码解释unzip -o docs.zip # 覆盖当前目录中同名文件不提示常见压缩格式对比与选择不同压缩命令生成的格式各有特点选择时需考虑兼容性、压缩率和速度格式工具组合压缩率速度跨平台兼容性适用场景.tartar无快中等需 tar 工具仅打包不压缩如备份临时合并.tar.gztar gzip中快高日常文件 / 目录压缩最常用.tar.bz2tar bzip2高中中对压缩率要求较高的场景.tar.xztar xz最高慢中大文件压缩如系统镜像.zipzip/unzip中中极高Windows/macOS 通用跨平台文件传输https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600120285416702489https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600123589895111230https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600121279559483966https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600123332566303294https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600120730000851481https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600121832599536153https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600121832599437849https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600082197533737496https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600081551585788478https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600080627626836505https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600076432072786494https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600077785914540569https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600076654119207449https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600076084386021950https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600077060547084862https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600075783578763800https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600075136489783833https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600073513009529369https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600074164837761598https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600073368318542361https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600073001341993534https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600073974269329982https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600074487064805912https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600073227586683454https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600069482082386457https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600071292192260670https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600069215726977561https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600071094875537982https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600070748635939353https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600069587262308926https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600069571290087961https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600069625426395673https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600069065444704793https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600070228240138814https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600069571290645017https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600068352702448153https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600069299780813374https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600070076465070654https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600070076464808510https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600069722168148504https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600068030437032510https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600068903506723352https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600069051742044697https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600067161435980313https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600067215119450648https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600066283626922521https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600067654162367000https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600067338523640382https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600061876546290238https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600062394333037081https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600064751125168702https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600062857611199000https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600064428301877822https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600065673062187544https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600061447326286360https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600064204875727422https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600063689303409214https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600063881645883928https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600061290274980376https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600063037474652696https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600058391884956222https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600058999849091609https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600054609557619224https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600058346296918590https://www.dongchedi.com/article/7600062930226741822